Transient Ischemic Attack
定义
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief problem of the brain. It is due to a shortage of blood and oxygen. TIA is sometimes called a mini-中风.
TIA is a serious problem. It is a warning of a future 中风.
| Blood Supply to the Brain |
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原因
TIA happens when blood flow to the brain is too low. This can be from a narrowing or a blockage. Narrowing may happen with:
- A build up of plaque, called atherosclerosis
- Vasculitis—inflammation of the blood vessels
A blockage may happen with:
- A piece of a blood clot or plaque that has broken off from another site
- Blood and blood-clotting 问题, such as:
- 心内膜炎—an infection of the lining of 心脏
风险因素
TIAs are more common in older adults. Some things that may raise the risk of TIA are:
- A history of TIAs
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) or other heart 问题
- 吸烟
- Metabolic syndrome
- Alcohol use disorder
- 糖尿病
- High cholesterol
- 肥胖
症状
TIA symptoms happen quickly. The 问题 a person has depends on the part of the brain that is affected. 症状 are like those of a 中风:
- Loss of strength
- 笨拙
- Problems speaking
- Problems seeing, such as blindness in one eye
- Numbness or tingling
- A feeling of spinning when a person is still
诊断
The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. Tests that may be done include:
- 血液测试
- 核磁共振成像扫描 头的
- MR angiography to assess blood vessels in the head using magnetic imaging
- CT scan 头的
- CT血管造影 to assess blood vessels in the brain and neck with contrast dye
- Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow in the arteries supplying the brain
- Electrocardiogram (EKG) to measure the heart's electrical activity
治疗
The effects of TIA do not last. Most people recover in a few 分钟. However, a TIA means there is a higher risk of a 中风. The risk is highest in the first week after a TIA. The goal of treatment is to lower the risk of a future 中风. Medical care is needed to make the best plan for prevention. Steps may include:
- Lifestyle changes, such as not smoking or vaping, eating a healthful diet, exercising, and limiting alcohol
- Medicines to prevent blood clots or to slow clotting
- Surgery to ease blockage in blood vessels
- Managing health 问题 such as diabetes, 高血 压力, or high cholesterol
预防
TIA cannot always be prevented. To lower the risk:
- Manage 高血 压力.
- Avoid using tobacco or vaping.
- Limit alcohol.
- Keep a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
参考文献
- Katzan,我.L., Schuster, A.等。. Changes in health-related quality of life after transient ischemic attack. JAMA Network Open, 2021; 4(7): e2117403.
- Lifestyle changes to prevent 中风. American Stroke Association website. Available at: http://www.中风.org/-/media/Stroke-Files/Lets-Talk-About-Stroke/预防/Lifestyle-Changes-to-Prevent-Stroke.pdf.
- Risk factors for 中风 or transient ischemic attack. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.力学.com/condition/risk-factors-for-中风-or-transient-ischemic-attack.
- Transient ischemic attack. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke website. Available at: http://www.研究所.国家卫生研究院.gov/health-information/disorders/transient-ischemic-attack.
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA). EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.力学.com/condition/transient-ischemic-attack-tia.